The National Programme on Improved Chulhas (NPIC) disseminated 33 million improved biomass stoves between1983 and 2002 in India. The program was funded by the national government and carried out by the states. In 2003, the program was devolved to the states with no national funding. The purpose of this project was to conduct a rapid follow-up assessment of the post 2003 status of improved stoves programs in the six states of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Haryana, Gujarat, and Maharashtra (WII had undertaken a detailed evaluation of the NPIC in the last three States in 2001-02 for the World Bank) and at the Central level to determine the effect of this radical program restructuring, as well as the potential impacts of newly formed programs in India (e.g. Village Energy Security Program). This report added into a detailed Technical Paper on the improved stoves program in India that was prepared by ESMAP. This Technical Paper provided an overview of the practices adopted in NPIC and recommended approaches to strengthen dissemination of improved stoves in a sustainable manner drawing on these past experiences in India and in other developing countries.